The Brilliance of The Vietnam War Lies In Its Proof That American Involvement in People’s War Has Historically Ended In Disaster
In his analysis of the final two episodes of Ken Burns’ acclaimed The Vietnam War, Christian G. Appy, Professor of History at the University of Massachusetts, argues that the intention of the directors – to help heal the divisions created by the war – is noble, but not enough.
Appy argues the brilliance of the docu-series lie in its demonstration that American military involvement in people’s war, a war based on self-determination, proved disastrous in Vietnam, and again in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Appy suggests that American military involvement in people’s war like the ones fought in Vietnam, Afghanistan and Iraq all follow a common thread:
- The United States wages undeclared war under false pretexts.
- American troops are deployed to distant lands where they are widely perceived as hostile invaders.
- Their mission is to prop up a foreign government that cannot not gain the broad support of its own people.
- The American military fights a brutal counterinsurgency that pits the civilian population in the middle, leading to death and displacement.
- U.S. officials insist that victory depends on winning the “hearts and minds” of ordinary people even as warfare endangers those very people and drives them into the arms of the enemy.
- The fighting persists long after a majority of Americans deem it mistaken or immoral.
- U.S. officials fail to achieve their stated objectives and seek a face-saving exit to disguise the disasters it created
Appy’s thesis echoes one penned by Jonathan Schell in his book The Unconquerable World on the topic of people’s war.
Schell’s analysis argues that states engulfed in people’s war can utilize an inferior military to defeat a superior military thanks to the populace’s ability to endure the persistence of the invader for years to decades until the war becomes so costly, financially and politically, that the superior military must retreat.
The people’s wars in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq all followed the same format, as explained by Appy and Schell, even though the lessons of Vietnam should have been learned shortly after the war.
But Appy still believes films like Ken Burns’ The Vietnam War can bring a more concrete understanding to civilian, military, and governmental observers.
Further Reading
“A Disrespectful Loyalty” (May 1970-March 1973) and “The Weight of Memory” (March 1973 onward)The Vietnam War, Episodes 9 and 10, Process: a blog for american history
People’s War, Wikipedia